Tongxiang daisar da kayan aiki masana'antun.Ana amfani da samfuranmu sosai wajen haƙar ma'adinai.A cikin hakar ma'adinai:
Haɓaka abun ciki
Da farko, kuna buƙatar tono hanyar daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa.Mahakar ma'adanin kwal tana da aƙalla hanyoyi guda biyu, ɗaya ana kiranta babbar rijiya don jigilar gawayi, ɗayan kuma don jigilar ma'aikata, kayan aiki, kayan aiki, da jigilar meteorite.Bugu da kari, ana kuma buƙatar mashin iska na musamman.Babban rijiyar da rijiyar taimako gabaɗaya ana gina su ne a filin masana'antu iri ɗaya.Idan an karɓi iska ta tsakiya, rijiyar iskar tana kusa da manyan rijiyoyi da rijiyoyin taimako.Idan an karɓi iskar diagonal, ana gina rijiyar iskar a iyakar filin rijiyar.
Bayan an tono ramin rijiyar zuwa wani zurfin da aka kayyade, za a tono jerin ramuka da dakuna sama da kasa da wannan tsayin, wanda ya hada da filin ajiye motoci na kasa, titin sufuri, Shimen, tudu da tudu, dawo da titin iska, titin da ke hade. da kuma kwal na karkashin kasa.Warehouse, ruwa sito, famfo dakin, substation, matsa lamba fan dakin, sito, da dai sauransu. Wannan matakin ana kiransa matakin samar.Waɗannan hanyoyi da ɗakunan sun kasance suna ba da sabis a duk tsawon lokacin samar da ma'adinan.
An raba shingen kwal na karkashin kasa zuwa wurare da yawa don hakar ma'adinai.Wannan yanki shine yankin ma'adinai.Dangane da buƙatun samarwa, kaurin kwal ɗin kwal, da hanyoyin haƙar ma'adinai, ana iya samar da ma'adinan a cikin yanki ɗaya na hakar ma'adinai ko a wuraren hakar ma'adinai da yawa.Wani sabon mahakar ma’adanan ya samar da tsarin sufurin ma’adanan da iskar shaka domin aikin raya shi, da kuma shirya wurin hakar ma’adinan da ya dace da yadda ake samar da kayayyaki kuma zai iya tura shi zuwa samarwa, wanda ake kira samarwa.A wurin samarwa da hakar ma'adinai, don manufar hakar ma'adinan kwal, ana buƙatar tono hanyoyi da yawa.Wadannan hanyoyi, tare da kwal da aka yi watsi da su, ana kiran su aikin hakowa kuma ba sa cikin ci gaban ma'adinai.
2. Hanyar ci gaba

Ciki har da ci gaban shaft, rijiyoyi masu karkata, ci gaba mai fa'ida da ci gaba mai zurfi. Ci gaban rassan daga ƙasa zuwa kasan gidan ajiyar shine mafi ƙarancin nisa, yawancin ma'adinan kwal suna amfani da shi.Matsakaicin zurfin ramukan tsaye ya kai mita 595.8 a shekarar 1990. Har ila yau, akwai matsuguni masu yawa a tsaye a yankin gabas da ke da zurfin sama da mita 1000.Ana ƙayyade diamita na Wellbore bisa ga samar da kwal, gabaɗaya 2 zuwa 8 m.Daga cikin su, rijiyar taimako ta ninka kamar rijiyar ci tare da babban sashi;An sadaukar da babbar rijiyar don haɓaka kwal, kuma ana amfani da rijiyar iska don hakar iska, kuma sashin na iya zama ƙarami. Bisa ga halaye na strata, musamman ma yanayin saman ƙasa, ana iya raba ci gaban rijiyoyin zuwa hanyoyi na yau da kullum da na musamman. .Hanyoyin hako rijiyoyin burtsatse na al'ada baya buƙatar haɓakawa da haɓakawa da wuri.Ana amfani da hanyar fashewar rijiyoyin burtsatse musamman.Bayan an tono wani tsayin tsayi, an gina bangon shingen simintin da aka ƙarfafa.Lokacin da aka haɗu da wasu yadudduka na aquifer, ya kamata a grouted a gaba.Ana iya haƙa ramukan ƙwanƙwasa a ƙasa, kuma ana iya yin grouting daga farfajiyar aiki.Lokacin da rijiyar ta ratsa ta cikin yashi mai zube, dole ne a yi amfani da hanyar hakowa ta musamman idan hanyar hakowa ta yau da kullun ba za ta iya wucewa ba.A gabashin kasar Sin, yin amfani da hanyoyin hakowa na musamman ya zama ruwan dare gama gari.Waɗannan sun haɗa da hanyar daskarewa, hanyar hakowa, hanyar buɗaɗɗen caisson, da hanyar labule.

Hanyar daskarewa ita ce a daskare magudanar ruwa a kusa da rijiyar ta hanyar sanyaya ta wucin gadi don samar da rufaffiyar katangar daskararrun siliki mai wani kauri, sannan a tono rijiyar da ke karkashin kariya ta bango.Ciki har da daskarewa da daskararre ramuka, daskarewa da tono na uku matakai: don yaki da daskarewa rami a cikin rijiyar diamita ba daidai nisa tare da gina da dama equidistant a kusa da rami, kasa na sumul karfe bututu saukar da gyarawa. , sa'an nan kuma strata Ana yin musayar zafi a tashar daskarewa ta bututun ƙarfe maras sumul.Ana kammala compressor ammonia don daskarewa ta ci gaba da zagayawa brine.Daskarewar daskararren ɗigon mita ɗari a cikin katangar ƙasa mai daskararre na buƙatar gina babban tashar daskarewa, wanda za'a iya kammalawa cikin 'yan watanni.Bayan haka, aikin daskarewa ya kamata ya ci gaba har sai an gina rijiyar gaba daya.Haƙawar rijiya iri ɗaya ce da hanyoyin gine-gine na yau da kullun.Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da ramukan iska don haƙa.Idan aka yi amfani da fashewar bututun mai, adadin abubuwan fashewar ya kamata kuma ya ragu, don hana lalacewa daga daskarewa.A lokacin aikin tono, damuwa da damuwa na bangon daskararre zai shafi tasirin tallafi yayin aikin narke.Sabili da haka, lokacin da aka hako rijiyar gaba ɗaya, wajibi ne a yi goyon baya na dindindin na biyu daga ƙasa zuwa sama.
Hanyar hakowa wata hanya ce ta hako rijiyar rijiya tare da na'urar hakowa mai girman diamita, gami da hakowa da kuma dakatar da bangon rijiyar da ke nutsewa.Don tabbatar da daidaiton rijiyar, ana ɗaukar haƙoran hakowa, kuma bututun yana cikin yanayin da aka dakatar.Saboda girman diamita na rijiyar, ana amfani da ƙwanƙwasa matakai masu yawa, kuma ana iya samun diamita da ake buƙata bayan hakowa da yawa.Yayin da ake hakowa, an ƙera katangar da aka ƙarfafa ko farantin ƙarfe mai haɗaka da bangon rijiyar a ƙasa, mataki-mataki a kan rijiyar, an dakatar da shi gaba ɗaya zuwa zurfin da aka ƙaddara, sannan a cika shi da slurry na siminti.
Hanyar buɗaɗɗen caisson ita ce ta tilasta wa ƙarfafa rijiyar siminti da aka zuba a cikin ƙasa ta amfani da nauyinsa ko nauyinsa da ƙarin ƙarfi.Don rage juriya na nutsewa, matakai da kusurwar gefen dan kadan sun fi girma fiye da diamita na waje an yi su a cikin sashin kasan rijiyar, kuma annular sararin samaniya a sama da matakin yana tallafawa da laka na thixotropic.Wannan hanyar tana da wahala a fasaha kuma tana buƙatar rijiyar ta sami nau'i iri ɗaya don guje wa karkacewa.

Hanyar labule ita ce gina da'irar shinge na ruwa da katangar siminti tare da isasshen ƙarfi a kusa da ramin rijiyar don samar da labule, sannan a tono shi da goyan bayansa ta hanyoyin gine-gine na yau da kullun a ƙarƙashin kariyarsa.Gabaɗaya kaurin bangon ya kai mita 0.8 zuwa 1. Wata hanyar raya filin kuma ita ce rijiyoyin da aka tona, wato rijiyoyin da aka tono daga ƙasa, gami da manyan rijiyoyin da ba su da tushe, rijiyoyin da ba su da tushe na biyu da rijiyoyin iska masu karkata.Matsakaicin madaidaicin kusurwa shine gabaɗaya 15 ° ~ 25 °.Ana amfani da babban ramin da aka karkata don ɗaga gawayi, kuma ikon yin amfani da motar haƙar ma'adinan don ɗagawa ba ta da yawa, kuma amfani da na'urar ɗaukar bel yana ƙara ƙarfi.Ana amfani da rijiyoyin da aka karkatar da su don ma'aikata da jigilar kayayyaki, kuma suna zama rijiyoyin shan iska.Idan aka kwatanta da rijiyoyi na tsaye, tsayin daga kan rijiyar zuwa farfajiyar rami ya ninka sau da yawa, amma farashin hakowa yana da ƙasa kuma hanyar ta fi sauƙi.

Idan kana bukatabel na'ura mai raɗaɗi,tuntube mu.