Me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o nā kūlana ola a me ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana, ke ulu nei ka noi no nā kumuwaiwai.I kēia mau lā, ua noʻonoʻo nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia a me nā ʻāina ulu i ka noho ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai e like me ke ʻano hoʻolālā.Ua alakaʻi pū ʻia ka lawe ʻana i nā mea waiwai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana mining, ʻenehana mining i kēlā me kēia lā, ua nui ka nui o nā ʻenehana a me nā ʻano hana hana maikaʻi, palekana, haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ka ʻenehana mining ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻomohala nui ʻia, a ʻo kāna mau lua hāmama nā mea hana ʻelua o nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi: ʻO ka mea mua, nā lako mining nui, a ʻo ka lua, nā lako hana a me ka naʻauao.Mai ka makahiki 1990, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka lolouila papa hoʻokahi i ka manawa maoli o nā lako lua ākea nui ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

Loaʻa i kāna mau mea hana eli ma lalo o ka honua:
1) Nā lako Jackie Chan e kākoʻo ana i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka mīkini.ʻO nā mea hana eli ma lalo o ka honua ʻē aʻe mai ka ʻeli pōhaku a hiki i ka hoʻouna ʻana, nā hana kākoʻo mechanization downhole āpau, nā kaʻina hana āpau me ka hana lima lima ʻole, ʻaʻohe hana lima lima kaumaha.ʻO nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka hydraulic drilling rig, hydraulic rock drill, diesel a i ʻole uila a me kahi mamao hoʻokele scraper kahi mea maʻamau maʻamau.I mea e hoʻololi ai i nā mea hana mechanized Jackie Chan, nā mea hana nui, miniaturization, serialization, standardization, high degree of generalization.
2) Nā lako me ka ʻole o ka track, hydraulic, kiʻekiʻe o ka automation.Ua ʻike piha ʻia nā mea hana mining ʻē aʻe i ka trackless, hydraulic.Ma ka automation, ua hoʻolauna maikaʻi mākou i nā ʻenehana hou e like me nā robotics driverless a me robotics.
3) ʻO nā lako a me nā hana ʻenehana he makua, hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe.I kēia manawa, aia ka lua hohonu loa o ka honua ma ke komohana o Johannesburg, ʻApelika Hema.Ma waena o lākou, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pūnāwai No.3 a me No.3 ma mua o 3500 mika, ʻo ia ka wahi hohonu loa e hiki ai ke kanaka.ʻO ka lua hohonu loa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, aia ma ka Homestok Gold Mine ma South Dakota, ʻo ia ka lua kahiko a kanu ʻia loa ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.He 130 makahiki kona moʻolelo a he 2,500 mika ka hohonu.

E pili ana i ka ʻenehana Mining:
1.Leaching ʻenehana
I kēia manawa i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ke keleawe papa haʻahaʻa, ka ʻai gula, ka uranium oka i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻenehana leaching, leaching in situ leaching, heap leaching a me in situ crushing leaching ekolu waeʻano.ʻO ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Kanada, Australia a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka 0.15% -0.45% haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa keleawe keleawe, copper oxide ʻoi aʻe ma mua o 2% a me 0.02% -0.1% uranium ore he puʻu leaching a me ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ka leaching.

2.Deep mining 'enehana
Ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai eli, ke emi nei nā kumuwaiwai a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻenehana pāpaʻu o ka mining hohonu.ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kākoʻo ʻenehana o ka mining hohonu.I ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hohonu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pilikia i loaʻa, Hoʻonui, hoʻoulu wai a me nā pilikia ea, piʻi ka mahana o ka pōhaku.I kēia mau lā, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka hohonu o ka mining o nā mines non-coal i ko mākou ʻāina ma mua o 700-800m, akā i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua kūkulu ʻia kekahi mau waihona me kahi hohonu o 1000m.

3.Intelligent ma lalo o ka lepo
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, ka wikiwiki artificial i hala ma hope o ka mīkini akamai, ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea akamai, e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hana mining, e hōʻemi ana i ka pōʻino palekana.Ma muli o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana naʻauao o ka mining o ka hao, pono e hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele mining a me nā limahana.ʻO nā ʻōnaehana mining a me nā lako hana kiʻekiʻe e hōʻoia i ka palekana a me ka maikaʻi o ka mining.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻenehana mining 4.Filling
E like me nā kūlana like ʻole, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻopihapiha ʻokoʻa.ʻO ka ʻenehana hoʻopihapiha i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa: hoʻopiha wai wai, hoʻopiha maloʻo, hoʻopiha wai paʻa kiʻekiʻe, hoʻopiha sima.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana i: sub-paragraph tailings hydraulic filling, hoʻopiha i nā hoʻopiha hydraulic ʻē aʻe (kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hāʻawi ʻana iā ʻoe iho), ʻo ka pauku pauku hoʻopihapiha hoʻopihapiha hoʻopihapiha hoʻopihapiha a me ka pauma tailing paste.I kēia manawa, ʻo ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo honua ʻo ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana i nā tailing paste pump.ʻO kaʻenehana hoʻopihapiha hou e hiki ke hoʻokō maikaʻi i nā koi o ka mālamaʻana i nā kumuwaiwai, ka paleʻana i ke kaiapuni, ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka pono a me ka hōʻoiaʻana i ka uluʻana o nā mines.ʻO ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka ʻoihana mining i ka 21st century e loaʻa i kahi manaʻo nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana.