Tongxiang nguyeabavelisi bezixhobo zokuthutha.Iimveliso zethu zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuxhatshazweni kwemigodi.
Phuhlisa umxholo
Okokuqala, kufuneka umbe isicatshulwa ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya emhlabeni.Umgodi wamalahle ubuncinci uneendlela ezimbini, enye ebizwa ngokuba liqula eliphambili lokuthutha amalahle ize enye ibe yeyokuthutha abasebenzi, izixhobo, izixhobo, nokuthuthwa kweemeteorite.Ukongeza, i-shaft yomoya ekhethekileyo iyafuneka.Iqula eliphambili kunye nequla elincedisayo ngokubanzi lakhiwe kwisikwere soshishino esifanayo.Ukuba umoya ophakathi uyamkelwa, iqula lomoya lisondele kumthombo oyintloko kunye nokuncedisa.Ukuba i-diagonal ventilation yamkelwe, iqula lomoya lakhiwe kumda wentsimi yequla.
Emva kokuba iqula ligrunjwe ukuya kubunzulu obumiselwe kwangaphambili, uthotho lweetonela kunye namagumbi kufuneka agrunjwe ngaphezulu nangaphantsi kwalo mphakamo, obandakanya ubukhulu becala indawo yokupaka esezantsi, indlela yezothutho, iShimen, ukunyuka nokuhla, ukubuya kwendlela yomoya, indlela ehambelana nayo, kunye namalahle angaphantsi komhlaba.Indawo yokugcina impahla, indawo yokugcina amanzi, igumbi lokumpompa, isitishi, igumbi lefeni yoxinzelelo, indawo yokugcina impahla, njl njl. Eli nqanaba libizwa ngokuba linqanaba lemveliso.Ezi ndlela kunye namagumbi anikezela ngeenkonzo kulo lonke ixesha lemveliso yomgodi.
Umthungo wamalahle ongaphantsi komhlaba wahlulwe waba ziindawo ezininzi zokumbiwa kwemigodi.Le ndawo yindawo yemigodi.Ngokweemfuno zemveliso, ubukhulu bomthungo wamalahle, kunye neendlela zokumbiwa kwamalahle, umgodi unokuveliswa kwindawo enye yemigodi okanye kwiindawo ezininzi zemigodi.Umgodi omtsha uphuhlise uthutho lwemigodi yonke kunye nothungelwano lokungenisa umoya kwiprojekthi yalo yophuhliso, kwaye ulungiselela indawo yemigodi efanelekile kwimveliso yoyilo kwaye ungayidlulisela kwimveliso, ebizwa ngokuba yimveliso.Kwindawo yokuvelisa kunye nemigodi, ngenjongo yokumbiwa kwamalahle, iindlela ezininzi zendlela kufuneka zigrunjwe.Ezi ndlela, kunye namalahle ashiyiweyo, zibizwa ngokuba kukwembiwa kwemveliso kwaye aziyonxalenye yophuhliso lwemimandla yemigodi.
2. Indlela yophuhliso

Kubandakanya uphuhliso lweshaft, imingxuma etyekeleyo, uphuhliso oluthe tyaba kunye nophuhliso olubanzi.Uphuhliso lweeshafti ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya ezantsi kwindawo yokugcina izinto ngowona mgama umfutshane, uninzi lwemigodi yamalahle iyawusebenzisa.Ubunzulu obuphakathi kweeshafti ezithe nkqo yayiyi-595.8 m ngo-1990. Kukwakho neeshafti ezininzi ezithe nkqo kummandla osempuma ezingaphezulu kwe-1000 leemitha ubunzulu.Idayamitha ye-Wellbore imiselwa ngokwemveliso yamalahle, ngokubanzi i-2 ukuya kwi-8 m.Phakathi kwabo, iqula elincedisayo liphinda kabini njengoko lithatha kakuhle kunye necandelo elikhulu;iqula eliphambili linikezelwe ekuphuculeni amalahle, kwaye iqula lomoya lisetyenziselwa ukutsalwa komoya, kwaye icandelo linokuba lincinci.Ngokuhambelana neempawu zesitrato, ngakumbi iimpawu zomhlaba ongaphezulu, uphuhliso lomthombo lunokwahlulwa ngokweendlela eziqhelekileyo nezikhethekileyo zomthombo. .Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokugaya amaqula azifuni ukuqiniswa kwangaphambili kokubunjwa.Indlela yokuqhushumba kwequla isetyenziswa kakhulu.Emva kokumbiwa kobude obuthile, udonga oluqinisiweyo lwe-shaft olusisigxina lwakhiwe.Xa udibana neengqimba ezithile ze-aquifer, kufuneka igruthwe kwangaphambili.Imingxuma yokugrumba inokugrunjwa phantsi, kwaye i-grouting inokwenziwa ukusuka kwindawo yokusebenza.Xa iqula lidlula kuluhlu lwesanti yokukhukuliseka, indlela ekhethekileyo yokomba kufuneka isetyenziswe ukuba indlela eqhelekileyo yokomba ayinakudlula.Kwimpuma yeTshayina, ukusetyenziswa kweendlela ezikhethekileyo zokomba kuxhaphake kakhulu.Ezi ziquka indlela yokukhenkceza, indlela yokomba, indlela ye-caisson evulekileyo, kunye nendlela yomkhusane.

Indlela yokukhenkceza kukukhenkceza i-aquifer ejikeleze iqula ngendlela ye-artificial refrigeration ukwenza udonga oluvaliweyo olunomkhenkce olunobungqingqwa obuthile, emva koko ugrumbe iqula phantsi kokhuseleko lodonga.Kubandakanya ukukhenkceza kwemingxunya enomkhenkce, ukukhenkceza kunye nokwembiwa kweenkqubo ezintathu: ukulwa umngxuma wokukhenkceza kwidayamitha yequla ayingomgama ofanelekileyo ecaleni kolwakhiwo lwee-equidistant ezininzi ezijikeleze umngxuma, ezantsi kombhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo ezantsi kwaye uzinzile. , kwaye emva koko i-strata Ukutshintshwa kobushushu kwisikhululo sokukhenkceza kwenziwa ngamatyhubhu ensimbi engenamthungo.Icompressor ye-ammonia yokukhenkceza igqitywe ngokujikeleza ngokuqhubekayo i-brine.Ukukhenkceza okungamakhulu ambalwa eemitha ubukhulu kudonga lomhlaba olunomkhenkce kufuna ukwakhiwa kwesikhululo esikhulu sokukhenkceza, esinokugqitywa kwisithuba seenyanga.Emva kokugrumba, umsebenzi wokukhenkceza kufuneka uqhubeke de umgodi wakhiwe ngokupheleleyo.Ukwembiwa kwe-Wellbore kuyafana neendlela eziqhelekileyo zokwakha.Ngokuqhelekileyo, iitonela zomoya zisetyenziselwa ukomba.Ukuba kusetyenziswe ukuqhushumba kwamaqula, ubungakanani beziqhushumbisi kufuneka bube buncinci, ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo ekukhenkceni.Ngethuba lenkqubo yokumba, uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo lwendonga efriziweyo luya kuchaphazela umphumo oxhasayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqhaqha.Ngoko ke, xa iqula lonke ligrunjwa, kuyimfuneko ukwenza inkxaso yesibini esisigxina ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu.
Indlela yokugrumba yindlela yokwemba iqula elinombhobho omkhulu we-diameter drilling rig, kubandakanywa ukugrumba kunye nokumisa udonga lwequla elizikayo.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunyameka komthombo, ukugrumba i-decompression kwamkelwa, kwaye i-drill bit ikwimeko emisiweyo.Ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu be-wellbore, i-drill-drill bits isetyenzisiweyo, kwaye ububanzi obufunekayo bunokufezekiswa emva kokugaya ezininzi.Ngelixa ukomba, ikhonkrithi eyomeleziweyo okanye ipleyiti yentsimbi edibeneyo yodonga lwequla i-prefabricated emhlabeni, inyathelo ngenyathelo kwi-wellhead, inqunyanyiswe iyonke ukuya kubunzulu obunqunywe kwangaphambili, kwaye emva koko izaliswe nge-sement slurry.
Indlela ye-caisson evulekileyo kukuthoba ngenkani iqula eliqiniweyo eligalelwa emhlabeni kusetyenziswa ubunzima balo okanye ubunzima balo kunye namandla ongezelelweyo.Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuchasana nokucwila, amanyathelo kunye nee-angles ze-edge zinkulu kancinci kunobubanzi obungaphandle zenziwa kwicandelo elisezantsi le-wellbore, kwaye isithuba se-annular ngaphezu kwesinyathelo sixhaswa ngodaka lwe-thixotropic.Le ndlela inzima ngokobuchwephesha kwaye ifuna iqula libe nokuthungwa okufanayo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphambuka.

Indlela yekhethini kukwakha isangqa semiqobo yamanzi kunye neendonga zekhonkrithi kunye namandla aneleyo malunga nequla ukwenza umkhusane, kwaye emva koko ugrumbe kwaye uxhase phantsi kweendlela eziqhelekileyo zokwakha phantsi kokhuseleko lwayo.Ubukhulu bodonga ngokuqhelekileyo yi-0.8 ukuya kwi-1 m.Enye indlela yokuphuhlisa intsimi itenxile amaqula, oko kukuthi, i-wellbore egrunjwe emhlabeni, kuquka imingxuma ephambili etenxekileyo, imingxuma yesibini etenxileyo kunye namaqula omoya atyekeleyo.I-engile yeshafti echongekileyo iqhelekile ukuba yi-15 ° ~ 25 °.I-shaft ephambili ethambekeleyo isetyenziselwa ukuphakamisa amalahle, kwaye ukukwazi ukusebenzisa imoto yemigodi ukuphakamisa kuncinci, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwebhanti yokuhambisa ibhanti kwandisa amandla.Amaqula ancedisayo atenxileyo asetyenziselwa ukuthutha abasebenzi kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye asebenza njengamaqula okungenisa umoya.Xa kuthelekiswa namaqula athe nkqo, ubude ukusuka kwiqula ukuya kutsho kumngxuma ongezantsi ubude bamaxesha amaninzi, kodwa ixabiso lokumba liphantsi kwaye indlela ilula kakhulu.

Ukuba uyafunaibhanti yokuhambisa idler roller,Qhagamshelana nathi.