I-Tongxiang iabakhiqizi bemishini yokuthutha.Imikhiqizo yethu isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuxhashazweni kwezimayini.Ekuxhashazweni Kwezimayini:
Thuthukisa okuqukethwe
Okokuqala, udinga ukumba isiqephu kusuka emhlabathini kuya phansi.Imayini yamalahle ineziphaseji okungenani ezimbili, enye ebizwa ngokuthi umthombo omkhulu wokuthutha amalahle nenye yokuthutha izisebenzi, izinto zokusebenza, izinto zokusebenza, nokuthuthwa kwe-meteorite.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-air shaft efakwe umoya okhethekile nayo iyadingeka.Umthombo omkhulu kanye nomthombo osizayo ngokuvamile zakhiwe endaweni efanayo yesikwele sezimboni.Uma kwamukelwa umoya ophakathi nendawo, umthombo womoya useduze nemithombo eyinhloko neyokusiza.Uma i-diagonal ventilation yamukelwa, umthombo womoya wakhiwe emngceleni wensimu yomthombo.
Ngemva kokuba umthombo usumbiwe waze waba ukujula okunqunywe kusengaphambili, kuzombiwa uchungechunge lwamahubhe namagumbi ngenhla nangaphansi kwalokhu kukhuphuka, okuhlanganisa ikakhulukazi indawo yokupaka engaphansi, umzila wezokuthutha, u-Shimen, umqansa nowehla, umzila womoya obuyayo, umgwaqo ohlobene, namalahle angaphansi komhlaba.Indawo yokugcina impahla, indawo yokugcina amanzi, igumbi lokumpompa, isiteji esincane, igumbi lefenisha yokucindezela, indawo yokugcina impahla, njll. Leli zinga libizwa ngezinga lokukhiqiza.Le migwaqo kanye namakamelo bekuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo kuso sonke isikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwemayini.
Umthungo wamalahle ongaphansi komhlaba uhlukaniswe waba izindawo eziningana zokumba.Le ndawo iyindawo yezimayini.Ngokwezidingo zokukhiqiza, ukujiya komthungo wamalahle, nezindlela zokumba amalahle, imayini ingakhiqizwa endaweni eyodwa yezimayini noma ezindaweni eziningi zezimayini.Imayini entsha isungule yonke inethiwekhi yezokuthutha ezimayini kanye neyokungenisa umoya ngephrojekthi yayo yokuthuthukisa, futhi ilungiselela indawo yezimayini elungele ukukhishwa komklamo futhi ingadlulisela ekukhiqizeni, okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhiqiza.Endaweni yokukhiqiza kanye nezimayini, ngenhloso yokumbiwa kwamalahle, imigwaqo eminingi idinga ukumbiwa.Le migwaqo, kanye namalahle alahliwe, ibizwa ngokuthi ukumba ukukhiqizwa futhi ayiyona ingxenye yokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zamabhomu.
2. Indlela yentuthuko

Kubandakanya ukuthuthukiswa kweshafu, imithombo ethambekele, ukuthuthukiswa okuyisicaba kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuphelele.Ukuthuthukiswa kwamashafti ukusuka phansi kuya phansi kwedepho yibanga elifushane kakhulu, iningi lezimayini zamalahle liyalisebenzisa.Isilinganiso sokujula kwamashafu aqondile sasingamamitha angama-595.8 ngo-1990. Kukhona futhi amashafu amaningi aqondile esifundeni esisempumalanga angaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1000 ukushona.Ububanzi be-Wellbore bunqunywa ngokuya ngokukhiqizwa kwamalahle, ngokuvamile ku-2 kuya ku-8 m.Phakathi kwabo, umthombo osizayo uphindwe kabili njengokungena kahle nesigaba esikhulu kunazo zonke;umthombo omkhulu unikezelwe ekuthuthukiseni amalahle, futhi umthombo womoya usetshenziselwa ukukhipha umoya, futhi ingxenye ingase ibe ncane.Ngokwezimpawu ze-strata, ikakhulukazi izici zenhlabathi engaphezulu, ukuthuthukiswa komthombo kungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezivamile nezikhethekile zomthombo. .Izindlela ezivamile zokumba ama-borehole azidingi ukuqiniswa kwangaphambili kokubunjwa.Indlela yokuqhuma kwemigodi isetshenziswa kakhulu.Ngemva kokumbiwa kokuphakama okuthile, udonga lweshaft oluqinile oluqinisiwe lwakhiwa.Lapho uhlangabezana nezingqimba ezithile ze-aquifer, kufanele ikhishwe kusengaphambili.Izimbobo zokugaya zingabholwa phansi, futhi ukugxusha kungenziwa futhi kusuka endaweni yokusebenza.Lapho umthombo udlula ungqimba lwesihlabathi esikhukhulekayo, kufanele kusetshenziswe indlela ekhethekile yokumba uma indlela evamile yokumba ingakwazi ukudlula.Empumalanga yeChina, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezikhethekile zokumba kuvamile.Lokhu kufaka phakathi indlela yokuqandisa, indlela yokubhoboza, indlela ye-caisson evulekile, kanye nendlela yekhethini.

Indlela yokuqandisa iwukuba iqhwa i-aquifer ezungeze umthombo ngendlela yesiqandisi yokwenziwa ukuze kwakhiwe udonga oluqandisiwe oluyisilinda olunogqinsi oluthile, bese kumbiwa umthombo ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kodonga.Kubandakanya ukuqandisa kwezimbobo eziqandisiwe, ukubanda kanye nokumbiwa kwezinqubo ezintathu: ukulwa nembobo eqandayo kububanzi bomthombo akulona ibanga elifanelekile lapho kwakhiwa inqwaba ye-equidistant ezungeze imbobo, phansi kwepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo lishona phansi futhi lingashintshi. , bese kuba yi-strata Ukushintshanisa ukushisa esiteshini sokuqandisa kwenziwa ngamashubhu ensimbi angenamthungo.I-compressor ye-ammonia yokuqandisa iqedwa ngokujikeleza amanzi ahlanzekile.Ukuqandisa ungqimba oluwugqinsi lwamamitha angamakhulu ambalwa odongeni lwenhlabathi eqandisiwe kudinga ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi esikhulu sokuqandisa, esingaqedwa ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa.Ngemva kokumba, umsebenzi wokuqandisa kufanele uqhubeke kuze kube yilapho umthombo wamanzi wakhiwe ngokuphelele.Ukumbiwa kwe-Wellbore kuyafana nezindlela ezijwayelekile zokwakha.Ngokuvamile, imigudu yomoya isetshenziselwa ukumba.Uma kusetshenziswa ukuqhunyiswa kwemigodi, inani leziqhumane kufanele libe lincane, ukuze kuvinjwe umonakalo ukuthi ungaqhwa.Phakathi nenqubo yokumba, ukucindezeleka nokucindezeleka kodonga oluqandisiwe kuzothinta umphumela osekelayo phakathi nenqubo yokuncibilika.Ngakho-ke, lapho umthombo wonke umbiwa, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukwesekwa kwesibili okuhlala njalo kusukela phansi kuya phezulu.
Indlela yokubhoboza iyindlela yokubhoboza umthombo ngomshini wokumba owububanzi obukhulu, okuhlanganisa ukubhoboza nokumisa udonga lomthombo ozikayo.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuma kwe-wellbore, ukumba i-decompression kuyamukelwa, futhi i-drill bit isesimweni sokumiswa kancane.Ngenxa yobubanzi obukhulu bomthombo, izingcezu zokubhola ezinezigaba eziningi ziyasetshenziswa, futhi ububanzi obudingekayo bungafinyelelwa ngemva kokubhola okuningi.Ngenkathi kubholwa, ukhonkolo oqinisiwe noma udonga oluhlanganisiwe lwepuleti lensimbi lwenziwa ngaphambili phansi, igxathu negxathu ngasekhanda lomthombo, lulengiswa lonke kuze kube ukujula okunqunywe kusengaphambili, bese lugcwaliswa ngodaka lukasimende.
Indlela ye-caisson evulekile iwukwehlisa ngenkani umthombo kakhonkolo oqinisiwe othelwa phansi kusetshenziswa isisindo sawo noma isisindo sawo kanye namandla engeziwe.Ukuze kuncishiswe ukumelana nokucwila, izinyathelo nama-engeli onqenqemeni amancane kunobubanzi obungaphandle kwenziwa esigabeni esingaphansi komthombo, futhi isikhala se-annular ngaphezu kwesinyathelo sisekelwa ngodaka lwe-thixotropic.Le ndlela yobuchwepheshe inzima futhi idinga ukuthi umthombo womthombo ube nokuthungwa okufanayo ukuze ugweme ukuchezuka.

Indlela yamakhethini iwukwakha indilinga yezithiyo zamanzi nezindonga zikakhonkolo ezinamandla anele ezizungeze umthombo ukuze wenze ikhethini, bese ugubha futhi uwusekele ngaphansi kwezindlela zokwakha ezivamile ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwawo.Ugqinsi lwezindonga ngokuvamile luyi-0.8 kuya ku-1 m.Enye indlela yokuthuthukisa insimu yimithombo echezukile, okungukuthi, umthombo ombiwe phansi, okuhlanganisa nemithombo eyinhloko ephambukile, imithombo yesibili ephambukile kanye nemithombo yomoya ethambekele.I-engeli ye-shaft egobekile ngokuvamile i-15 ° ~ 25 °.I-shaft eyinhloko ethambekele isetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa amalahle, futhi ikhono lokusebenzisa imoto yezimayini ukuphakamisa lincane, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwebhande elihambisa ibhande kwandisa ikhono.Imithombo eyisizayo ephambukile isetshenziselwa izisebenzi nezinto zokuhamba, futhi iphinde isebenze njengemithombo yokungenisa umoya.Uma kuqhathaniswa nemithombo eqondile, ubude obusuka esihlokweni somthombo kuya egcekeni lembobo bude buphindwe izikhathi eziningana, kodwa izindleko zokumba ziphansi futhi indlela ilula kakhulu.

Uma udingaibhande conveyor idler roller,Xhumana nathi.